What are the physical symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia? Clinical manifestations of mycoplasma pneumonia patients

Pneumonia is a relatively common disease, but pneumonia is not a simple disease, because there are many types of pneumonia, and the cause of infection and treatment of each may be different, and some patients may be aggravated by poor treatment or improper care.So, what are the symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia in general?

1. Other extrapulmonary complications

After Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, specific serum antibodies and local secretory antibodies in the respiratory tract can be produced, and a variety of autoantibodies such as brain, lung, red blood cell membrane, lymphocyte, and myocardium appear, causing human antigen reactions and extrapulmonary complications.

Nervous system: encephalitis, radiculitis, cranial neuritis, myelitis, etc.

Cutaneous manifestations: erythematous papules and herpes are the most common.

Muscular arthropathy: arthritis, arthralgia, myalgia.

Cardiovascular system: myocarditis, pericarditis, conduction block, congestive heart failure.

Ear: Earache, rarely associated with otitis media.

2. Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection

The vast majority of patients with mycoplasma pneumonia present with mild or moderate upper respiratory tract infections because mycoplasma invades the respiratory tract and adheres to the surface of epidermal cells in the upper bronchial tubes and releases toxic metabolites that damage the cells. Tonsillitis, tracheitis, bronchitis usually present.

(1) Intractable cough

Intractable cough is the main symptom of mycoplasma pneumonia because mycoplasma often invades the bronchi and lungs, and the cough is mostly choking and difficult to resolve. At first it was a dry cough with a few days of phlegm. Only a few patients have blood or hemoptysis in the sputum, sometimes with retrosternal pain.

(2) Fever

Like most inflammations, mycoplasma pneumonia triggers an inflammatory response in the body that causes fever. Most patients have temperatures above 37°C and can reach 39°C at their highest, rarely accompanied by chills.

3. Systemic symptoms

Patients with mycoplasma pneumonia have a complex immune response in the body due to mycoplasma infection. Therefore, patients often have loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abnormal liver function, and very few patients are complicatednephritisand renal failure.

4. Pneumonia nursing

1. Routine nursing

The patient is instructed to rest in bed, the air in the ward is required to be fresh, the temperature is 18~20 °C, the humidity is 60%, the environment is clean and comfortable, and the patient should be kept warm when opening the window for ventilation to prevent cold. Patients with hyperthermia should be given a high-protein, high-calorie, high-vitamin, easy-to-digest diet and encouraged to drink plenty of water.

2. Dietary care

Eat more fruits, soups, and less eggs. Food should be light, with plenty of water and vitamin C, but be careful not to eat too much at once, too much protein can cause indigestion.

Avoid spicy and greasy food: pneumonia is an acute fever, which consumes the body's righteous qi, affects the function of the viscera, and is easy to lead to a decrease in digestive function. Most of the greasy products are warm, which can generate internal heat, and dampness is phlegm, which is not conducive to the early recovery of lung qi.

3. Nasal congestion care

Use a thin cotton swab and nasal aspirator for nasal congestion. When the baby has nasal congestion and nasal blockage, you can use a cotton swab dipped in warm water to moisten the nasal crust, and take out the nasal crust little by little. Choose tiny cotton swabs, which work better than traditional cotton swabs. Nasal aspirators can also come in handy at this time.

4. Fever care

In case of high fever, first give physical cooling, use a water bag to cool the forehead or wipe the armpits, groin, popliteal fossa and other large blood vessels with 50% warm water alcohol, wipe for about 20 minutes each time, wait for half an hour to test the body temperature, and record it on the body temperature record sheet. Note: When taking an alcohol bath, apply alcohol at a temperature of 37°C, apply a little force until the skin is flushed, and at the same time pay attention to covering the patient to avoid cold. When the effect is not good, you can switch to drug cooling, and the dosage should not be too large, so as not to be caused by excessive sweating and sudden drop in body temperaturecollapse

In high fever, due to the increased excitability of the nervous system, the patient may develop irritability, delirium, and convulsions, and protective measures should be strengthened and appropriate sedation should be given. Due to the decrease in saliva secretion from high fever, chapped lips and stomatitis, cough the mouth with normal saline or Dobel's solution to keep the mouth clean and moist, and the lips can be coated with paraffin oil to prevent bacterial growth, such as herpes, gentian violet can be applied.

5. Cough care

For patients with pneumonia who have cough and sputum production, they should drink more water in moderation (the amount of water should not be too much, generally not more than 2 liters, otherwise it is easy to cause pulmonary edema), encourage patients to cough, take deep breaths and cough effectively every 1 hour.Strengthen the turning of bedridden patients, change positions frequently, and percussion for patients every 4 hours to discharge sputum to make sputum discharge unobstructed. Only when the cough is severe and interferes with rest and sleep, appropriate cough suppressants can be given internally.

Note: Carefully observe the color, nature, and amount of sputum to assist the physician in the differential diagnosis of the disease.

6. Chest pain nursing

For patients with pneumonia with chest pain, it is advisable to fix the chest cage on the affected side in the lateral decubitus position or with wide tape, and reduce chest movement to reduce the patient's pain. Teach people to calm their chest wall with their hands or pillows when coughing, taking deep breaths, or other ways to care for their airways, reduce vibrations to relieve pain, and help family members if necessary.

7. Oxygen nursing

For patients with shortness of breath, dyspnea, and cyanosis, semi-recumbent oxygen should be given, and attention should be paid to the humidification of oxygen to prevent the respiratory mucosa from drying out, and blood gases should be observed regularly to maintain PaO2 at a normal level.

8. Strengthen observation

The elderly and infirm should be more observed, especially in the early 24 hours of the onset, to monitor their general conditions, such as respiration, pulse, special text, blood pressure, etc., and be alert to the occurrence of shock pneumonia. The patient was observed for dyspnea, cyanosis, irritability, and its changes.

Note: If the patient is found to be pale, irritable, cold extremities, cyanosis of the peripherals, rapid pulse, and decreased blood pressure, shock pneumonia should be considered, and the doctor should be immediately assisted in resuscitation.