What are the methods for checking and diagnosing bad breath?

Bad breath, also known as bad breath, refers to the unpleasant smell in the mouth. It seriously affects people's social interactions and mental health. With the social and economic development, people's living standards continue to improve, social communication activities gradually increase, and people pay more attention to the quality of life and their own social image. Direct nasal testing is one of the easier and more accurate methods for objective evaluation of bad breath. The diagnosis is made by a professional halitosis nasal tester, and the degree of bad breath is measured by a scoring standard of 0-5, and the results are reproducible.So, what are the methods for detecting and diagnosing bad breath? Let's take a look.

1. Feedback method of close people: based on the feedback of relatives, friends or spouses.

2. Sensory perception analysis method: The following 6 parameters are selected for this analysis method. (1) Whole mouth breath odor; (2) speech smell, also known as 20 count test; (3) anterior dorsal odor of the tongue, also known as wrist licking test; (4) the odor of the posterior tongue area, also known as the plastic spoon test; (5) nasal odor; (6) Interdental odor. The above odor evaluation is calculated by 0-5 half-integer integrals.

3. Direct nasal measurement method by professional district teachers: it is one of the easier and more accurate objective evaluation methods for bad breath. The diagnosis is made by a professional halitosis nasal tester, and the degree of bad breath is measured by a scoring standard of 0-5, and the results are reproducible.

4. Chemical analysis method:

(1) Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technology is to detect the exhaled air of the subject by gas chromatograph.

(2) The level of VSCs can be detected by using a sulfide monitor.

(3) High-pressure liquid chromatography (HpLC) was used to detect cadaverine and other putrid compounds in saliva.

(4) The zinc oxide thin film semiconductor sensor uses the mouth to exhale into a bag for detection.

5. Condensate bath method: exhale to the connecting tube of the condenser and check whether the gas released in the condenser has any odor.

6. Milk gargle oxygen depletion test: this method is sensitive to colony count and related to oral examination parameters, and is usually carried out after sensory perception analysis.

7. N-oxazole-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamine (BANA) experiment: Because the bacteria in oral plaque have the ability to hydrolyze BANA, the substrate for synthesizing insulin, some scholars have used BANA test strips to detect subgingival bacterial, tongue coating, saliva and other samples of patients with bad breath, and compared them with the correlation index of bad breath, there is a correlation between the two, so it is believed that this experiment can be used as a simple method for diagnosing bad breath at the chairside.

8. Artificial nose: including portable sulfide analyzer (trade name Halimeter) and electronic nose, etc., Halimeter uses the principle of chemical reaction to digitally represent the ppb concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the oral cavity, the method is simple and easy to operate, but it is susceptible to the influence of other oral cavities, such as alcohol, volatile fragrance (perfume, hair styling agent, etc.).The electronic nose is a method of diagnosing bad breath by identifying the characteristic odor in the mouth of patients with bad breath, but its function needs to be improved.