What are the characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum

Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are two very common microorganisms and can easily cause various diseases. We need to have a certain understanding of the situation of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, so that when similar situations occur, we can better solve them. So, what are the characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum?

Chlamydia trachomatis is a microorganism that has been found to have 15 serotypes, and different serotypes can cause different diseases. It is divided into 3 biotypes, namely mouse biotype, biovartrachoma, and lymphogranuloma biotype. The latter two are related to human diseases. By indirect micro-immunofluorescence test, trachoma biotype was divided into 14 serotypes: A, B, Ba, C, D, Da, E, F, G, H, I, Ia, J, and K, and LGV biotype was divided into L1, L2, L2a, and L34 serotypes.

caused by the disease

(1) Trachoma: caused by chlamydia trachoma variants A, B, BA, C. It is mainly transmitted by direct or indirect contact, that is, through the way of eye ~ eye or eye ~ hand ~ eye. When Chlamydia trachomatis infects ocular conjunctival epithelial cells, it proliferates and forms scattered, cap, mulberry, or tamponade inclusions in the cytoplasm. The disease has a slow onset, with acute or subacute inflammation of the eyelid conjunctiva in the early stages, presenting with symptoms and signs such as lacrimation, mucopurulent discharge, and conjunctival injection. Later migration is chronic, with conjunctival scarring, inverted eyelids, trichiasis, corneal pannus causing corneal damage, which affects vision and eventually leads to blindness. According to statistics, trachoma is the leading cause of blindness. In 1956, Chinese scholar Tang Feifan and others successfully isolated Chlamydia trachomatis for the first time in the world by inoculating chicken embryo yolk sac, thus promoting the research on plasma.

(2) Inclusion body capsulitis: caused by trachoma variant D~K serotype. There are two types: infant and adult. The former is an infection of the infant through the birth canal, causing acute purulent conjunctivitis (pus leakage of the inclusion body), which does not invade the cornea and can heal spontaneously. Adult infections can cause follicular conjunctivitis, also known as pool conjunctivitis, through sexual contact, through the eye-to-eye route, or from contaminated pool water. The lesion resembles trachoma, but there is no corneal pannu and no conjunctival scarring, and it usually heals after weeks or months without sequelae.

(3) Genitourinary tract infection: transmitted through sexual contact, caused by trachoma biological variant D~K serotype. Men mostly present with urethritis, which can be relieved without treatment, but most of them become chronic, periodically aggravated, and can be combined with paraorchitis, proctitis, etc. Women can cause urethritis,CervicitisSalpingitis is a more serious complication. This serotype can sometimes cause chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia.

(4) Lymphogranuloma venereum: caused by the biological variant of Chlamydia trachomatis LGV. LGV is transmitted through sexual contact and is a sexually transmitted disease. In men, invasion of inguinal lymph nodes causes purulent lymphadenitis and chronic lymphogranulomas. Women can invade the perineum, anus, and rectum, and perineum~anus~rectal tissue narrowing appears.

Symptoms of infection

Among them, Chlamydia strains of A, B, Ba and C can cause trachoma, L1, L2 and L3 can cause venereal lymphogranuloma, and D-K can cause non-gonococcal urethritis. Chlamydia trachomatis is the main pathogen causing non-gonococcal urethritis, and it can be seen that 40%~50% of non-gonococcal urethritis is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Chlamydia trachomatis infection is now one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in Western countries, with a rapid increase in the number of cases surpassing gonorrhea. In China, the number of people infected with Chlamydia trachomatis is also increasing rapidly.

M. urealyticum is the only species in the genus Urealyticum and is named after the need for urea for growth.The colony is small, with a diameter of only 15~25um, and must be observed under a low-power microscope, so it is formerly called T strain (tinystrain). Colonies have coarse particles on the surface and can be transformed into typical poached egg-like colonies under the right conditions. Growth requires cholesterol and urea, which are metabolized by breaking down urea to produce ammonia nitrogen, which raises the pH of the medium.

Symptoms of infection

The incubation period is 1 to 3 weeks, and the typical acute symptoms are similar to those of other non-gonorrhea genitourinary tract infections, with tingling in the urethra, varying degrees of urgency and frequency, and tingling during urination, especially when the urine is more concentrated. The urethral opening is mildly red and swollen, the discharge is thin, the amount is small, it is serous or purulent, and it is necessary to squeeze the urethra vigorously to see the discharge overflow, often in the morning, there is a small amount of mucous discharge at the urethral opening or only a scab seal, or a dirty crotch.

In the subacute phase, prostate infection is often present, and patients often present with perineal pain, backache, and discomfort on the medial thighs of both thighs, or a tingling sensation that radiates from the perineum to the medial thigh when performing levator anal maneuvers.

In women, germline inflammation that spreads around the cervix is more common. Most of them have no obvious symptoms, and a small number of severe patients have a feeling of falling vagina, and when the infection spreads to the urethra, frequent urination and urgency are the main symptoms that attract the attention of patients. Infection is confined to the cervix and manifests as increased vaginal discharge, opacity, cervical edema, hyperemia, or superficial erosions.Infection spreads to the urethra and manifests as flushing, congestion, and squeezing of the urethral meatus, with a small amount of discharge and rarely tenderness.

Urealyticum

It is the only species in the genus Ureaplasma and is named because it needs urea for growth.

It needs cholesterol and urea to grow. The decomposition of urea is its metabolic characteristic, producing ammonia nitrogen, which raises the pH of the medium, leading to its own death.

In 1954, Shepard first isolated tinycolonymycoplasma or microstrains from patients with non-gonococcal urethritis.

In 1974, the International Mycoplasma Society (IOM) named ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) according to its urease and ability to decompose urea. It has at least 16 serotypes.

In 1977, Talyor isolated ureaplasma urealyticum from the urine of male urethritis patients and inoculated it into his own urethra, causing symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and pyuria.

This is the first confirmation that Uu is one of the common causes of non-gonococcal urethritis in men.

Uu in a woman's lower genital tract is usually only a carrier and can only be transmitted to a sexual partner, but is not pathogenic.

Because there is almost no cholesterol and urea in the vagina, it usually does not cause vaginal diseases.

UU is caused when the body's resistance is lowChronic cervicitis, the degree of inflammation is positively correlated with the degree of infection.

Only in a very small number of women can the Uu in the vagina ascend to the uterus, causing infection and endometritis. or the pregnant woman invades the amniotic sac, causing chorioamnionitis and spontaneous abortion.

The introduction of the characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum should be clear to everyone. There are quite a few types of diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, and it is important to go to a regular hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time after the occurrence of similar diseases, so as to recover as soon as possible.