Types and symptoms of chickenpox Characteristics of the treatment of chickenpox

In our lives, although most people are aware of chickenpox symptoms, there are still some people who do not know. This article is a compilation of the types of symptoms and treatments for chickenpox, hoping to inspire you.

Symptoms of chickenpox

Therefore, I would like to introduce the symptoms of chickenpox to you.

1. After chickenpox virus infects children, after an incubation period of about 2 weeks, children will have early symptoms such as fever, headache, physical discomfort, loss of appetite, etc., at this time, the symptoms are very similar to a cold, and mothers should pay attention to distinguish.Once the child has cold symptoms in winter, it is best for mothers to give the child medicine to treat the cold, because anti-cold drugs in the early stage of chickenpox also have a certain effect on chickenpox. However, if you find that your child does not have a cold, but has signs of chickenpox, you should take your child to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

2. After the appearance of the above symptoms, then the skin appears in batches of pimples, herpes and crusts. Within a few hours or 1 day, the skin of the child will slowly appear with characteristic pimples, at first only on the abdomen or back as if the mosquito bitten small red rash spots, and generally only 1-2, after a few hours will develop to the wrists and legs, etc., some of them become blisters (at this time, the blisters also rise from millet grains to the size of mung beans).

3. When the baby has chickenpox for 24 hours, the baby will have rashes and blisters all over the body, and some of the blisters and scabs will molt and fall off in about a week.

4. Around 14-17 days after being infected, fever symptoms of about 38 °C began to appear, and lasted for 1-2 days, accompanied by headache, runny nose, cough and other symptoms.

Types of chickenpox

(1) Ordinary type

Acute onset, the rash is still accompanied by different degrees of systemic symptoms when it appears, and the more the rash, the more severe the systemic symptoms, but most of them are milder than before the rash. Fever usually decreases to normal as the eruption stops.

Chickenpox rash generally first appears on the face, scalp and trunk, showing a centripetal distribution, with more trunk, chest and back, hairline saddle, less limbs and face, occasional palms and soles, and mucous membranes such as nose, pharynx, oral cavity, and vulva.In severe cases, the rash may be generalized, ranging from hundreds to several dry. The rash is itchy, and sometimes the patient is irritable because of the severe itching. Typical chickenpox progresses from macules to papules, chickenpox rashes, and begins to crust over in 4 stages.

The rash begins as macules and is often accompanied by brief hyperemia. This rash develops into particularly itchy, single-lumen teardrop-like blisters as early as childhood. Typical herpes is oval, thin-walled, and contains a clear fluid with a red halo and normal skin between the herpes. Diagnosis can be made at this point. The herpes fluid then becomes cloudy and even pustule-like. Occasionally, the patient can be scratched to cause a secondary purulent infection and the typical pustules may form.

After the formation of l l 2 days, it begins to dry and scab from the center, and after a few days, the scab shell falls off on its own. It takes about 2 weeks to get rid of it. Temporary pigmentation may occur locally, but it can gradually subside, and most of them will leave no scarring after healing. Lesions appear in batches in succession, and new rashes appear again after the previous rash begins to crust over, so that lesions at all stages can coexist in the same patient at the same time, especially on the second or third day of the rash, and the rash of each stage is often seen in the same area. Mucosal herpes tends to ulcerate and become painful, oral herpes often breaks quickly and causes painful swallowing, and laryngeal or tracheal herpes can cause severe breathing difficulties. Lesions may also be seen on the scalp, causing swollen and tender suboccipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes.

Generally speaking, newborns have milder disease and fewer rashes, and the course of the disease is about 1 to 2 weeks; Adults and infants are more severely ill and have a numerous, dense rash that can last for several weeks.

(2) Progressive disseminated chickenpox

Patients who are immunocompromised due to various causes are prone to develop progressive disseminated varicella after VZV infection. It can be seen in patients with malignant tumors such as leukemia and lymphoma, and patients who have been on various anti-tumor drugs and adrenocorticosteroids for a long time. or other causes in immunocompromised children. The main manifestations are long duration of viremia, high fever and systemic poisoning symptoms, many and dense rashes all over the body, and new rashes continue to appear. Herpes is large and can fuse with each other to form bullae, or it is hemorrhagic and hemorrhoids are not easy to scab over, and even large areas of necrosis occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the rash. Petechiae and ecchymosis are sometimes seen on normal skin, and the disease is severe, with a case fatality rate of about 7%.

(3) Primary varicella pneumonia

It is more common in adults, older infants, and neonates, and in immunocompromised cases, but less common in young children. The severity of the disease ranges from mild cases to severe cases with no obvious symptoms, and severe cases may include high fever, cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea and cyanosis. subtle chest signs, or few dry and wet rales and wheezing; Since the cell count has increased, chest x-ray shows diffuse nodular opacities in both lungs, more prominent in the hilum and basil. Pneumonia usually gets better as the rash resolves. A small number of severe varicella pneumonia after the clinical symptoms disappear. X-ray shadows can still persist for 2-3 months.

(4) Varicella encephalitis

Less common, incidence >1‰.Usually 5 to 7 years old, more males than females. The clinical manifestations are encephalitis symptoms 3-8 days after the eruption, and a few occur 2 weeks before the eruption to 3 weeks after the eruption. Clinical features and features of cerebrospinal fluid examination are similar to those of other viral encephalitis. Onset varies, with headache, vomiting, and paresthesias being common in the early stages. Fever and meningeal irritation may be absent. It is often accompanied by cerebellar symptoms such as ataxia, nystagmus, vertigo, and speech disorders, and can also have bovine transverse myelitis, cranial nerve palsy, and multiple sclerosis-like clinical manifestations. In severe cases, convulsions, paralysis, lethargy, or coma may occur. The course of varicella encephalitis is about 1 to 3 weeks, and the prognosis is generally good after full recovery. The prognosis of patients with coma and convulsions at the onset of the disease is serious, and the case fatality rate is 5%~25%. There may be sequelae such as mental abnormalities, mental retardation, and seizures.

(5) Chickenpox during pregnancy

Chickenpox infection in the first trimester of pregnancy may cause fetal malformations; Chickenpox infection in late pregnancy can cause congenital varicella syndrome in the fetus.

Treatment for chickenpox

isolation

Chickenpox is very contagious in children and should be isolated for up to 6 days after the rash appears.

General treatment

To prevent secondary infection, keep your skin, hands and mouth clean, dress cleanly, and cut your nails frequently.Children can be dressed with a cloth on both hands before sleep to avoid inadvertently scratching the herpes during sleep.

Relieves itching

Patients with mild symptoms only need symptomatic treatment. For patients with extreme itching, a wet compress or wash containing 0.25% sodium bicarbonate can be applied topically to prevent scratching. In severe cases, systemic antihistamines, such as oral astemizole allergy drugs, may be used.

Anti-infective therapy

Secondary bacterial infections can be treated with antimicrobial therapy, and antiviral therapy is generally not required.

Antimicrobial therapy

Blisters are easily ulcerated and prone to secondary staphylococcal and streptococcal infections, and should be treated with appropriate systemic antibiotics if local herpes infection is severe, especially if systemic symptoms are present.

Antiviral therapy

For patients with severe conditions, such as disseminated chickenpox, varicella pneumonia, varicella encephalitis, etc. and immunocompromised patients or immunosuppressants, neonatal chickenpox, etc., antiviral therapy should be given.

Some pharmacists also recommend 30 mg/kg of body weight for immunodeficient or children under L years of age.It can quickly control the development of the rash and speed up the recovery of the disease. Herpes zoster immune globulin can also be used to alleviate the course of the disease.

Glucocorticoids

For severe laryngitis, varicella pneumonia, varicella encephalitis and other critical patients caused by chickenpox, glucocorticoids can still be considered at the same time as antiviral drugs.

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