Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the causative agent of pneumonia, so what about Mycoplasma? Next, let's follow the editor to learn about Mycoplasma pneumoniae, I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumonia is mainly treated with antimicrobials. Because cough is the most prominent clinical manifestation of mycoplasma pneumonia, low-dose antitussives and expectorants may be given appropriately. Patients with severe disease and hypoxia should be given oxygen in time. For severe wheezing, bronchodilators may be used. Adrenocorticosteroids can be used in patients with rapidly progressing mycoplasma pneumonia or pulmonary disease with atelectasis, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, bronchiectasis, or extrapulmonary complications due to rapid progression of the disease in the acute phase.

Symptoms of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumonia is prominently characterized by paroxysmal irritating cough

After Mycoplasma pneumoniae infects the human body, after an incubation period of 2~3 weeks, clinical manifestations appear, and about 1/3 of the cases can also be asymptomatic. It has a slow onset and has symptoms such as sore throat, headache, fever, fatigue, muscle aches, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting in the early stages. The fever is generally moderate fever, and obvious respiratory symptoms appear after 2~3 days, which is prominently manifested as paroxysmal irritating cough, which is heavy at night, coughing up a small amount of mucous sputum or mucopurulent sputum, sometimes with blood in the sputum, and also dyspnea and chest pain. Fever can last for 2~3 weeks, and cough can still be left after normal body temperature.

Although patients with mycoplasma pneumonia have severe symptoms, there are generally no obvious abnormal signs on chest examination. Mild nasal congestion, runny nose, and moderate pharyngeal congestion. The eardrum is often hyperemic, and about 15% have myringitis. Cervical lymph nodes may be enlarged. A small amount of pleural effusion occurs in about 10%~15% of cases. In addition to respiratory manifestations, mycoplasma pneumonia can be associated with multisystem, multi-organ damage. Skin lesions may manifest as maculopapular rashes, erythema nodosum, vesicular rashes, etc. Vomiting, diarrhoea, and liver impairment may be seen in the gastrointestinal system.Hematologic compromise is more common with hemolytic anemia. Central nervous system damage can be seen in polyradiculitis, meningoencephalitis, and cerebellar injury. Occasionally, myocarditis and pericarditis are common lesions of the cardiovascular system

Chest x-ray in patients with mycoplasma pneumonia is highly variable and can range from subtle to extensive. Subtle signs and prominent opacities on chest x-ray are a hallmark of the disease. Routine blood tests show that white blood cells vary in high or low levels, mostly normal and sometimes high.

The clinical manifestations of mycoplasma pneumonia and chest x-ray are not characteristic and cannot be diagnosed by clinical presentation and chest x-ray alone. To confirm the diagnosis, testing for the organism is required. At present, the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia in China mainly relies on serological testing.

Prevention of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Drink plenty of warm water, exercise and ventilate rooms during the dry and cold seasons

Mycoplasma infection can cause minor epidemics, so respiratory isolation should be taken into account.In autumn and winter, the room should also be regularly opened for ventilation to keep the indoor air fresh. Drink plenty of warm water and eat foods that are easy to digest and nutrient-dense. Engage in outdoor activities and physical exercise, especially breathing exercises, to improve respiratory function. When going out in the cold season or when the climate changes suddenly, it is necessary to add clothes in time to prevent cold. Macrolide antibiotics are commonly used antimycoplasma drugs.