Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection This is how pneumonia is treated

Do you know what Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is, it is also a relatively common situation in our daily life, so do you know what the treatment method of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is, what is Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and what is Mycoplasma pneumoniae positive, let's find out together.

Mycoplasma pneumonia is also a pneumonia condition caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae virus, which can also be called primary atypical pneumonia, which is relatively slow and accompanied by cough.

Mycoplasma pneumonia is easy to cause extrapulmonary multisystem involvement, and can also be life-threatening or death-threatening, more common in children or adolescents, accounting for about 15%~30% of the total number of pneumonia, and as high as 40%~60% in epidemic years; The prognosis is generally good and is self-limiting.

1. Mycoplasma infection

Mycoplasma passes through the mucociliary layer on the mucosal surface of the host respiratory tract and adheres to mucosal epithelial cells, which is related to the terminal structure of the P1 protein on the surface of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

When mycoplasma factors attach to the epithelium of our respiratory mucosa, toxic metabolites are released that lead to attenuation of ciliary motility and cell damage.

2. Environmental factors

In China, pediatric pneumonia is sporadic in all seasons, but it mostly occurs in winter or winter and spring or when the climate changes abruptly and colds are frequent, and sometimes there are small peaks in the south in summer or summer and autumn.

Air pollution, crowded living rooms, poor ventilation in the house, etc. are the external environmental triggers of pediatric pneumonia, and various respiratory infectious diseases, pediatric diarrhea, malnutrition, anemia, rickets, etc. can become the internal factors of pediatric pneumonia.

3. Contagion

Because mycoplasma passes through the mucociliary layer on the mucosal surface of the host respiratory tract and adheres to mucosal epithelial cells, this adhesion is related to the terminal structure of the P1 protein on the surface of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and when this adhesion factor attaches to respiratory mucosal epithelial cells, the toxic metabolites released can lead to weakened ciliary motility and cell damage.

4. Pathological changes

There will be pathological changes in bronchitis, in bronchiolitis and pneumonia, there will be edema of the tube wall, or thickening, and there will be mucus secretion in the bronchi.

Microscopically, acute bronchiolitis is accompanied by interstitial pneumonia, a small amount of edema fluid and macrophages can be seen in the alveoli, edema, hyperemia and monocyte and lymphocyte infiltration in the bronchiole wall, neutrophils can be seen in the cavity, epithelial cells and cell fragments are shed, lymphocyte and monocyte infiltration are seen in the nearby alveolar septum, and diffuse alveolar necrosis and hyaline membrane lesions can be seen in severe cases.

Tips

In daily life, we should pay attention to physical exercise, often carry out outdoor activities, open windows and ventilation indoors, so that the body's cold tolerance and adaptability to environmental temperature changes are enhanced, and clothes should be increased or decreased in time with temperature changes, and nutrition should be reasonably allocated, and adequate rest and sleep should be sufficient to prevent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, also known as primary atypical pneumonia and condensation positive pneumonia, is caused by mycoplasma mycoplasma, MP, a form of Mycoplasma pneumoniae that is smaller than bacteria and larger than viruses. MP is one of the important pathogens of pneumonia and other respiratory infections in childhood.

It is more common in older children. The main symptom is cough, which initially manifests as frequent dry cough without sputum, and later secretes sputum. Fever can be mild or severe, with anorexia, headache, sore throat and other symptoms.

Most white blood cells are not high. Auscultation of the lungs is not obvious, whereas x-rays may show large opacities and elevated serum cold agglutinins.

1. General treatment

1. Respiratory isolation

Because mycoplasma infection can cause a small epidemic, and the time of mycoplasma excretion in children after illness is longer, up to 1~2 months away. Symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection are present only in infancy, and pneumonia occurs only after superinfection.

At the same time, during MP infection, it is easy to be reinfected with other viruses, resulting in aggravation of the disease and prolongation of healing.For children or children with a history of close contact, respiratory isolation should be done as much as possible to prevent reinfection and cross-infection.

2. Nursing

Keep indoor air fresh, provide digestible, nutritious food and plenty of fluids. Maintain oral hygiene and airway obstruction, often turn over the child, pat the back, change the position, promote the discharge of secretions, and if necessary, properly suction sputum to remove viscous secretions.

3. Oxygen therapy

Oxygen should be given in time for severe patients with hypoxia or severe airway obstruction. Its purpose is to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and improve tissue hypoxia caused by hypoxemia. The method of oxygen administration is the same as for general pneumonia.

2. Symptomatic treatment

1. Expectorant

The goal is to make the sputum thinner and easier to drain, otherwise it is easy to increase the chance of bacterial infection. However, there are very few effective expectorants, in addition to strengthening the turnover, patting the back, atomization, and sputum suction, you can choose to use expectorants such as Biyuping and phlegm easy to clean.

Since cough is the most prominent clinical manifestation of mycoplasma pneumonia, frequent and severe cough will affect the child's sleep and rest, and sedatives such as chloral hydrate or phenobarbital can be appropriately given, and low-dose codeine can be given as appropriate, but the frequency should not be too much.

2. Asthma

For patients with severe wheezing, bronchodilators, such as aminophylline, can be used orally, 4~6mg/kg·times, once every 6h; Salbutamine can also be used for inhalation.

3. Use of antibiotics

According to the microbiological characteristics of MP, antibiotics such as penicillin that can hinder the synthesis of microbial cell walls are ineffective against mycoplasma.

In the treatment of MP infection, antibiotics that can inhibit protein synthesis should be used, including macrolide lipid tip, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, etc. Lincomycin, clincomycin, vancomycin and sulfonamides such as SMZxo are also available.

It exerts an antibacterial effect by inhibiting DNA gyrase and blocking DNA replication. Drugs such as ciproflaxacin and ofloxacin have high concentrations in lung and bronchial secretions, can penetrate the cell wall, and have a half-life of 6.7~7.4h. It has a wide antibacterial spectrum and has a good therapeutic effect on MP.

The former is 10~15mg/kg·d, divided into 2~3 oral doses, and can also be divided into intravenous drops; The latter is 10~15mg/kg·d, divided into 2~3 oral doses, and the course of treatment is 2~3 weeks.

4. Treatment of extrapulmonary complications

It is thought that the occurrence of complications is related to immune mechanisms. In addition to active treatment of pneumonia and control of MP infection, hormones can be used according to the condition, and different symptomatic treatment methods are adopted for different complications.

Through the above introduction, we must have a more comprehensive understanding of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and we also have an understanding of the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, so we must develop a good lifestyle habit in daily life to prevent our lungs from being infected.