Prostate cancer screening methods

Rectal ultrasound-guided prostate puncture is the primary means to diagnose prostate cancer. The method is to use needle biopsy to puncture the prostate in a partition under the positioning of the transrectal B-ultrasound probe, especially to puncture the suspicious area and take out the strip arrangement for pathological analysis. The discovery of tumor cells by puncture is called a positive result, and vice versa. The original 6-needle puncture method was used, and now it is gradually being replaced by the 8-needle or 10-needle puncture method. The examination of prostate cancer is relatively brief and can be classified as primary screening and specific examination.

1. The initial screening is similar to a physical examination, that is, to see if you are sick. The classic approach is "triplet", i.e., digital rectal examination, pSA, and transrectal ultrasound. The approach is very simple, but it has a lot of implications. If you really have prostate cancer, basically these three tests will be abnormal.

2. If the three results are in the "gray value" area, that is, the cancer and the health share are about the same, it is not certain, you need to check further, now the gold standard is prostate puncture, that is, to arrange a biopsy, if the biopsy results are positive, the diagnosis of cancer is 100%. The next step is to have some pre-treatment examinations, such as CT and MRI, to provide staging and provide a basis for future treatment plans.

3. CT or MRI can show changes in the shape of the prostate, tumors and transport. The primary CT scan of prostate cancer shows that the cancer lesion presents a low-density area with no significant enhancement during contrast scanning, the capsule is irregular, the fat around the gland is missing, and the seminal vesicles can be blurred after the seminal vesicle is invaded, and the seminal vesicle angle of the bladder is absent or the seminal vesicles are enlarged. When the tumor invades the bladder or the organs around the prostate, pelvic CT can show corresponding changes, and when the pelvic lymph nodes have tumor transport, CT can determine whether there is a transport episode according to the collective changes of the pelvic lymph nodes.

Prostate puncture is considered invasive examination, so there may be complications such as infection and bleeding, but this is a routine examination for prostate cancer diagnosis, and the pain is generally not significant, and patients do not need to be overly frightened. There are no typical clinical manifestations of prostate cancer, this is because prostate cancer mostly occurs in the peripheral zone of the prostate, and early prostate cancer is mostly confined to the prostate and does not invade the periprostate arrangement, usually without significant clinical manifestations. However, as the tumor progresses, it will show a variety of different clinical manifestations.