Prostate cancer related science I: an overview of the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

Why does prostate cancer occur? The prostate gland is an important reproductive organ in men, and it secretes prostatic fluid as an important part of semen, which contains a variety of proteases that help the liquefaction of semen and the combination of sperm and egg. The prostate gland is located deep in the pelvis, and the normal-sized prostate is similar in volume and shape to a chestnut.

As each man ages, his prostate gland grows in size. Most men will have symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia after the age of 60.Prostate cancer occurs if individual cells become malignant during prostatic hyperplasia. It is believed that the factors that cause normal prostate cells to become cancerous may include: genetic factors, metabolic factors, and dietary factors.

Genetic factors are particularly important, which means that if a male in a family has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, the risk of prostate cancer in the offspring of the male is increased. How to find prostate cancer In general, there is no special manifestation of prostate cancer in the early stage, and some patients will have symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency or hematuria, but it is easy to andprostatitisor confounding symptoms of urination caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Therefore, to detect prostate cancer early, it is generally necessary to rely on physical examination and screening. When the medical examiner finds that the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is elevated, or if there is a suspicious prostate lesion in the prostate through digital anal examination or imaging such as magnetic resonance, the patient will be further scheduled for a prostate biopsy. Clinically, prostate cancer cells are detected by needle biopsy, which is the final basis for determining that a patient has prostate cancer.

In general, if men have a family history of prostate cancer, it is recommended that they can start annual prostate cancer related screening after 45 years old, including blood tests for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate ultrasound examination, and direct anal examination. If there is no family history of prostate cancer, you can be screened for prostate cancer after the age of 50. How to treat prostate cancerAt present, there are many treatments for prostate cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy.

The choice of specific treatment is based on the patient's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at the time of diagnosis, the pathological results of the puncture, and the extent of the lesion on imaging.The basic principles of treatment include ensuring patient safety and controlling the progression of the tumor as much as possible, while reducing the impact of the disease and treatment on the patient's quality of life. Most patients can be effectively controlled with appropriate treatment.