Principles of treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia
The treatment of pediatric MP pneumonia is basically the same as that of general pneumonia, and comprehensive treatment measures are adopted. It includes five aspects: general treatment, symptomatic treatment, antibiotic use, adrenocorticosteroids, and treatment of extrapulmonary complications.
1. General treatment
(1) Inhalation tract isolation can cause a small epidemic due to mycoplasma infection, and the time of mycoplasma excretion in children after illness is longer, up to 1~2 months away. For sick children or children with a history of close contact, the inhalic tract should be isolated as much as possible to prevent reinfection and cross-infection.
(2) Nursing to keep the indoor air fresh, provide easily digestible, nutritious food and enough fluids. Maintain oral hygiene and unobstructed suction tract, often turn over the child, pat the back, change the position, promote the discharge of secretions, and if necessary, appropriate sputum suction, and remove viscous secretions.
(3) Oxygen therapy should be given in time for patients with severe hypoxia or severe airway obstruction.
2. Symptomatic treatment
(1) The purpose of expectorant is to make the sputum thin and easy to discharge, otherwise it is easy to increase the chance of bacterial infection. In addition to strengthening turning, patting the back, nebulizing, and sputum suction, expectorants can be used.
(2) For those with severe asthma, bronchodilators, such as aminophylline orally, can also be inhaled with albuterol aerosol.
3. Antibiotic application
Antibiotics that can inhibit protein synthesis should be used, including macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicols, etc. Macrolides are the antimicrobial drugs of choice for mycoplasma pneumonia, and azithromycin is the treatment of choice.Lincomycin, clincomycin, vancomycin and sulfonamides are still available.
4. Application of adrenal glucocorticoids
Adrenocorticosteroids can be used in patients with rapid progression of acute stage of severe MP pneumonia or pulmonary disease with atelectasis, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, bronchiectasis, or extrapulmonary complications. Such as hydrocortisone or hydrocortisone succinate, dexamethasone, prednisone acetate tablets, etc. Care should be taken to rule out infections such as tuberculosis when taking corticosteroids.
5. Extrapulmonary complications
Symptomatic treatment is given.