How to treat mycoplasma infection after pregnancy

pregnantHow is Mycoplasma posteriorium infection treated?pregnantMycoplasma posteriorium infection is a relatively rare situation, we all know that pregnancy is a very special period, pregnant women need to pay special attention to their body, in many aspects are to pay attention to, such as their diet, work and rest, and sex life are to pay attention to.Mycoplasma infection after pregnancy should be treated in time and the condition should not be delayed.

Mycoplasma is the normal flora of the female reproductive tract

So is mycoplasma really that scary? In fact, mycoplasma itself is one of the normal flora of the female reproductive tract, and up to 60% of women have been found to be detectable in healthy medical examination populations, which coexist with the host and do not show symptoms of infection, only under certain conditions, causing opportunistic infections. In other words, mycoplasma is a conditionally pathogenic bacteria, and if mycoplasma is in a normal carrier state, the immune system remains normal, and mycoplasma parasitism alone in the reproductive tract does not cause adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Mycoplasma overmultiplies after pregnancy

During pregnancy, the reproductive tract resistance of pregnant mothers is reduced, and they are easily invaded by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, and genital tract infections often occur, such as mycoplasma can overmultiply, and when it reaches a certain number, it will destroy the immune balance. There is debate about whether mycoplasma alone can cause inflammation of the genital tract, and most people think that it is a secondary infection.

There are 5 risk factors for susceptibility to mycoplasma infection

Which pregnant mothers are susceptible to mycoplasma infection? Let's take a look at the risk factors for susceptibility to mycoplasma infection:

1. Females whose first sexual intercourse is younger than 20 years old.

2. Those who have frequent sexual life before pregnancy, multiple sexual partners or sexual partners infected with chlamydia.

3. Patients with other infections, especially those with gonococcal infection.

4. Those who have vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse.

5. Low economic status, little education, etc.

Harm of mycoplasma infection to mothers and children

So, what are the effects of mycoplasma infection on mothers and babies?

pregnantBefore – leading to infertility

After infection with mycoplasma in the genital tract before pregnancy, mycoplasma ascends along the cervix and uterine body to the fallopian tubes, causing local inflammation, cilia shedding and tubal epithelial damage, which in turn causes endometritis and tubal obstruction, and tubal infertility accounts for about 1/3 of female infertility.Ureaplasma urealyticum can also adsorb to the surface of sperm and hinder its movement, which is one of the causes of infertility.

Early and mid-pregnancy – leading to miscarriage, embryonic abortion, etc

Mycoplasma infection in the early and second trimesters of pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, embryonic abortion, etc., and many literatures believe that female urogenital tract infection is associated with spontaneous abortion, missed abortion,ectopic pregnancy, especially in relation to repeated spontaneous abortions. Studies have shown that mycoplasma infection directly endangers embryonic development by affecting embryo implantation and promoting the release of a large number of inflammatory transmitters, enhancing the local immune response. In addition, the substances produced by itself stimulate the body to synthesize the precursor substances of prostaglandins, which can cause contractions and lead to miscarriage.

pregnantLate stage – leads to premature rupture of membranes and premature birth

atpregnantLate infection can lead to premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, etc., which is due to retrograde infection of mycoplasma, which often causes infection and inflammatory reactions of decidua and chorion, inflammatory cell exudation, leukocyte infiltration, tissue edema, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and decreased elasticity or disappearance of fetal membranes at the site of infection, resulting in increased local fragility of fetal membranes and decreased toughness and premature rupture of membranes.At the same time, inflammation also promotes the conversion of arachidonic acid on the fetal membranes into prostaglandins, which induces contractions and leads to preterm labor. In addition, when the infection is severe, it can lead to fetal growth restriction and even stillbirth.

parturitionAfter - neonatal pneumonia and jaundice

parturitionNewborns are also prone to neonatal pneumonia and pathological neonatal jaundice. Seeing this, pregnant mothers may wonder, how does mycoplasma make newborns sick? Mycoplasma causes disease in newborns in 3 main ways:

1. Mycoplasma is transmitted to newborns through the birth canal and postpartum mother-to-child contact, causing neonatal pneumonia.

2. Adhesion to host cells, affecting the movement of neonatal respiratory tract cilia, resulting in a large amount of inflammatory cell exudate on the mucosal surface causing pneumonia.

3. Mycoplasma or mycoplasma-derived polymer substances stimulate the production of host immunoactive cells, causing them to release various cytokines, thereby damaging organs or tissues.

Mycoplasma infection is treated as such

So how should mycoplasma infection in pregnant women be treated? What medications can be used during pregnancy? Because pregnancy is a special physiological period, there are obvious adaptive changes in each system, and the pharmacokinetics and efficacy changes of drugs in vivo are significantly different from those in non-pregnancy.The use of antibiotics during pregnancy can indirectly affect the embryo by affecting the mother's endocrine and metabolism, and can also affect the fetus through the placental barrier. Improper medication can affect fetal development and even malformation while treating genital tract infections.

Treatment with antibiotics

At present, antibiotics are the main treatment for mycoplasma infection in women, and macrolides are mainly used during pregnancy, including erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin. Both azithromycin and erythromycin are grade B in pregnancy and are safe for pregnant women.

Erythromycin, due to its large adverse effects, is rarely used now.

Clarithromycin, which is classified as C in the drug classification during pregnancy, can be used, but the safety is relatively inferior to the first two.

Roxithromycin, whose effects on the fetus are unknown, is not recommended.

Azithromycin, as a new generation of macrolide antibiotics, is similar in structure to erythromycin, but its antibacterial spectrum is broadened, antibacterial activity is enhanced, the intracellular concentration is high and the half-life is long, and the side effects are mainly mild gastrointestinal symptoms, which are mostly tolerable.Because of its good efficacy and small side effects, there have been no reports of any impact on mothers and children so far, so azithromycin has become the preferred drug during pregnancy.

Follow-up examination was performed 3 weeks after treatment was stopped

Because there is still a dead pathogen that continues to be excreted within 3 weeks after the end of treatment, the clinical test by non-culture method may still be positive, so it should be retested 3 weeks after stopping treatment.

The doctor advised

Here, there are two other points that need to be advised to pregnant mothers: first, for complications caused by infection, formal and effective treatment should also be carried out; Second, sexual partners should also be treated at the same time.

Tips: 5 measures to prevent mycoplasma infection

1. Raise awareness and attention to the disease.

2. Postpone the age of first sexual intercourse, marry late and get pregnant later, keep yourself clean, and choose barrier contraceptive measures.

3. Routine testing before marriage and at the time of initial prenatal care.

4. For patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage or preterm birth, mycoplasma subtype detection and treatment can be performed.

pregnantMycoplasma posteriorium infection must be treated in time, and as for how to treat it, everyone should still treat it according to their own situation and according to the doctor's advice. This kind of disease cannot be ignored, and everyone should pay attention to itpregnantHow to treat Mycoplasma posteriorium infection, and what problems need to be paid attention to in the process of treatment.