How to judge mycoplasma pneumonia in children Eight methods for early detection

Pediatric pneumonia is a common disease, among which mycoplasma pneumonia requires us to pay more attention, and after the child gets sick, we should also check and judge according to the child's performance in a timely manner.

Symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia in children

1. After being infected with mycoplasma pneumonia, children often have fever, that is, high and moderate fever, low fever, fever duration of 1-3 weeks, irritating cough is a prominent manifestation, similar to whooping cough, with viscous sputum; Infants and young children have a rapid onset, a long course of illness, and a more serious illness, with dyspnea and wheezing more prominent.

2. Some of the manifestations of multiple systems of the whole body, such as chest tightness, heartbeat, palpitation, shortness of breath, fever, and some often feel short of breath and sigh during myocarditis; Poor appetite, vomiting, abdominal discomfort in hepatitis; Meningitis may cause changes in mental status, vomiting, headache, convulsions, etc., as well as various rashes.

3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has mild to severe, the manifestations are different, the symptoms of mild cases are only repeated cough, which is often ignored by patients and parents, and some can lead to allergic cough, cough for more than 2 weeks, and those with conditions should check chest X-ray and mycoplasma antibodies to confirm mycoplasma pneumonia.

4. Mycoplasma pneumonia in children is a systemic disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, with pneumonia as the main manifestation, accounting for 20% of pneumonia in children, and some are accompanied by myocarditis, hepatitis, etc., which became atypical pneumonia in the past. Nowadays, with the development of diagnostic technology, the detection rate of it has increased, and it has been found to be an important pathogen of respiratory tract infection in children, which has attracted increasing attention.

Pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia examination and diagnosis

1. Peripheral blood: the white blood cell count is mostly normal, and there may be an increase, but there are also leukopenias.

2. Blood biochemistry: ESR increases, mostly mild and moderate. Anti-O" antibody titers were normal. Serum aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were elevated in some children.

3. MP detection: early children can use PCR method to detect MP-16SRDNA or P1 adhesion protein genes in sputum and other secretions and lung tissues, and MP can also be isolated and cultured from sputum, nasal secretions and throat swabs.

4. Serum antibody detection: serum antibody can be determined by complement fixation test, indirect hemagglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent test, indirect immunofluorescence test and other methods, or early diagnosis can be obtained by detecting antigens.

5. Sputum, nose and throat swab culture: Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be obtained, but it takes about 3 weeks, and its growth can be inhibited with antiserum, and negative culture can also be confirmed by hemolysis of red blood cells. Two weeks after the onset of illness, antibodies are produced in about half of cases.

6. The red blood cell condensation test is positive, the titer is above 1:32, and the titer of the recovery period is of great significance. In 40~50% of cases, the streptococcal MG agglutination test was positive, and the titer of MG streptococcal lectin in the blood was 1:40 or higher, and the titer gradually increased to 4 times was more significant.

7. X-ray examination: X-ray changes are divided into 4 types:

(1) Prominent by hilar shadow thickening;

(2) changes in bronchopneumonia;

(3) interstitial pneumonia changes;

(4) Homogeneous consolidation.Subtle signs and prominent opacities on chest x-ray are a hallmark of the disease. Sometimes with pleural effusion, it is also characterized by rapid changes on x-rays of the lungs.

8. Electrocardiogram and B-ultrasound: If necessary, electrocardiogram and B-ultrasound should be examined to determine whether there is myocardial damage and liver damage.

Treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children

1. General treatment:

(1) Respiratory isolation: because mycoplasma infection can cause a small epidemic, and the time of excreting mycoplasma after the disease of the child is long, up to 1~2 months, the infant period only shows symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. Pneumonia occurs only after superinfection. At the same time, it is easy to be reinfected with other viruses during MP infection, resulting in aggravation and prolongation of the disease, so respiratory isolation should be done as much as possible for children or children with a history of close contact to prevent reinfection and cross-infection.

(2) Nursing: Attention should be paid to rest, nursing and diet. If necessary, small amounts of antipyretics may be taken, and traditional Chinese medicine may be taken (see Bronchitis). (3) Oxygen therapy: Oxygen should be given in time for those with severe hypoxia or severe airway obstruction. The method is the same as for general pneumonia.

2. Symptomatic treatment: Other symptomatic therapies are also the same as those described in the bronchitis section.

(1) Expectorant: The purpose is to make the sputum thin and easy to discharge, otherwise it is easy to increase the chance of bacterial infection, but there are few effective expectorants.

(2) Antiasma: For patients with severe asthma, bronchodilators, such as aminophylline, can be taken orally for 4~6mg/(kgd) for 6 hours; It can also be inhaled with albuterol (salbutamol).

3. Application of antibiotics: According to the microbiological characteristics of MP, antibiotics such as penicillin that can hinder the synthesis of the cell wall of microscopic objects are ineffective against mycoplasma, so in the treatment of MP infection, antibiotics that can inhibit protein synthesis should be selected, including macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, etc., and there are lincomycin, clindamycin (clincomycin), vancomycin and sulfonamides such as sulfonamide? Azole (SMZ) and other options are available. Mycoplasma is preferred with macrolide antibiotics, and erythromycin is the drug of choice.

Pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia care

1. Turn over and pat your back more often to help the discharge of respiratory secretions. When the baby coughs a lot, it will be very uncomfortable when sleeping, parents remember to turn over the baby and pat the back more often to help the baby discharge the secretions of the respiratory tract.

2. Eat more fruits, soups, and less eggs. Food should be light, with plenty of water and vitamin C, but be careful not to eat too much at once, too much protein can cause indigestion.

3. Use fine cotton swabs and nasal aspirators for nasal congestion. When the baby has nasal congestion and nasal blockage, you can use a cotton swab dipped in warm water to moisten the nasal crust, and take out the nasal crust little by little.Choose tiny cotton swabs, which work better than traditional cotton swabs. Nasal aspirators can also come in handy at this time.

4. Bring your own temperature and humidity meter, keep air circulation, and open the window 2 to 3 times a day. Bring your own thermohygrometer, which is sold in large supermarkets. Keep indoor air circulation, open the window 2 to 3 times a day, control the temperature and humidity in the room, the temperature is about 18 °C ~ 22 °C, and the humidity is about 60%.

5. Apply to the forehead (antipyretic paste) and rub the body with alcohol. If the baby has a fever, a cold towel can be applied to the forehead to reduce the baby's fever, and the hot patch can also be used. In addition, 30%~50% alcohol rubbing can also help the baby cool down physically.

6. Smoke in the kitchen and cigarettes in the room should be avoided as much as possible. These fumes can easily make the baby's resistance decrease and get diseases.

7. Get vaccinated on time. Remember to take your baby to get vaccinated in time, such as cold vaccines.

8. Breastfeeding, add cod liver oil in time. They are both beneficial in enhancing the ability of the mucous membranes of the respiratory system to resist disease.