How to care for asthma in children? Home care for children with asthma?

Asthma is a relatively common disease, and unlike many diseases that occur in middle-aged and elderly people, asthma also occurs more often in children, and many children are also asthmatic. Most people with asthma need good care. So how to care for children's asthma? What is home care like for children with asthma? How to care for your child's asthma?

1. Care measures for the home environment

1. The family environment should reduce the stimulation of smoke, such as smoking (second-hand smoke is extremely harmful and can easily induce asthma), oil smoke, decoration odor, etc.

2. It is not suitable for pets such as cats and dogs, and it is not suitable to place flowers indoors, pollen is easy to induce allergic reactions, and it is not suitable to play with plush toys. New furniture should be placed until it is odourless before use.

3. Clothes should be mainly cotton, try not to wear sweaters, leather clothes, silk, linen and odorous chemical fiber clothes, bed sheets, quilts, mats, mosquito nets, etc. should be cleaned regularly and exposed to sunlight to prevent dust mites. The air conditioner should be cleaned regularly when using it in summer.

4. Keep wet cleaning to avoid dust.

2. Nursing measures in daily life

1. According to the change of weather, increase or decrease clothing in time to avoid cold or sweat and wind. Avoid closing doors and windows at home, and have appropriate ventilation time every day, but do not let children blow directly at convection outlets.

2. In the cold winter, you should wear a mask to go out, try to avoid the stimulation of cold wind and cold air, and avoid strenuous exercise and shouting.

3. When the weather is suitable, appropriate outdoor activities should be carried out to enhance physical fitness, participation in sports should be gradual, not excessive, encourage participation in aerobic activities, such as cycling, jogging, etc., once a week, 20-30 minutes each time.

4. Regular work and rest, avoid overwork and emotional agitation, and avoid public places with many people and poor air circulation, such as supermarkets, shopping malls, markets, etc.

3. Dietary care measures

1. It is advisable to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and avoid eating a large number of cold foods for a long time or at one time, such as watermelon, winter melon, bitter gourd, pear, cucumber, dragon fruit, mung bean, banana, etc., generally with seasonal vegetables and fruits.

2. Avoid seafood, greasy, too sweet (sweets are easy to produce phlegm), too salty, spicy and irritating food, and the food should be steamed.

3. Try to eat less allergenic foods such as mango, pineapple, coriander, milk, and mushrooms.

4. Conduct allergen testing as soon as possible, adjust your diet according to the results of allergen testing, and avoid allergic foods.

5. Young children should insist on taking cod liver oil without special reasons, be exposed to sunlight appropriately, bask in the sun for about half an hour every day, and avoid exposure at noon, generally around 9 o'clock in the morning.

6. It is forbidden to drink cold drinks and eat frozen foods such as ice cream.

4. Nursing during asthma attacks

When the child has an asthma attack, let the child sit or semi-recumbent to facilitate breathing, administer the drug according to the doctor's instructions in time, and observe the efficacy and side effects of the drug; Parents should be by their side, comfort their children, encourage them to drink more water and cough up sputum, especially for infants and young children, to prevent sputum from blocking the trachea, otherwise it will be life-threatening; If the condition is serious, send it to the hospital for treatment in time.

5. Correctly grasp the use of aerosols

According to the demonstration and guidance of medical staff at the time of consultation, they are proficient in the use of inhaled aerosols such as β2 agonists and glucocorticoids, and urge children to rinse their mouths in time after use, so as to avoid dry cough and prevent oral fungal infections after spraying. When you have to go out, use a short-acting bronchodilator in advance to avoid asthma exacerbations.

6. Clinical manifestations of childhood asthma

(1) Seizure aura and early manifestations

When children are stimulated by allergens, cold air or other triggers, they often first manifest symptoms of upper respiratory tract allergies, such as itchy eyes, itchy nose, sneezing, runny nose, etc., and because infants and young children have difficulty expressing itching, they often only manifest themselves as rubbing their eyes and rubbing their noses.

Further manifestations include itching of the palate, itchy throat, dry cough, and choking.These symptoms can usually last for hours or days before an asthma attack.

(2) Typical seizure manifestations

突然发作的喘息为儿童哮喘的主要特征，儿童哮喘的喘息症状根据哮喘的严重程度而有较大的差异。 Children may have high-pitched stridor that can be heard without a stethoscope or at a distance.

Breathing frequency is increased and dyspnea is present, and infants and young children may present with mouth breathing and nasal flaring. Many children may have a cough that usually begins dry and produces white, mucinous sputum when the episode resolves.

Severe attacks may manifest as irritability, cyanosis, pallor, and cold sweats. On examination, retraction signs, increased heart rate, and wheezing in both lungs may be seen.

Further exacerbations may present with manifestations of heart failure such as jugular venous distention, edema, mid-lung basilar and vesicular sounds, and hepatomegaly. Children with chronic asthma may see signs of emphysema, such as barrel chest and tympanum sound on chest percussion.

(3) Dyspnea

Immediately following the aura symptoms, there is chest tightness, tightness and even suffocation, as if the Cuban chest is pressed by a heavy stone, and after about 10-15 minutes, dyspnea develops, with a high-pitched wheezing. The patient is forced to sit up, unable to lie flat, with his head tilted forward and his shoulders shrugged.

With both hands on your knees and panting vigorously, the attack can last for tens of minutes to hours, and then it can be relieved by yourself or gradually subsided after treatment.

(4) Cough and phlegm

In the precursor phase, cough is often caused by bronchial mucosal allergy, starting with a dry cough without sputum and varying in sputum. Cough tends to lessen by the time of the attack and becomes predominantly wheezing. Towards the end of the seizure, bronchospasm and mucosal edema are reduced, a large amount of secretions can be discharged, and the cough and sputum symptoms are added to the purulent mucous sputum again.

There are also a small number of patients whose muttering symptoms are not prominent, and cough is the only manifestation, which is easily mistaken for chronic bronchitis.

(5) Chest pain

Chest pain may occur in patients with severe asthma attacks that last longer and may be related to excessive respiratory muscle fatigue. When pneumothorax is present, severe chest pain may develop suddenly.