Causes of allergic mycoplasma pulmonary aspergillosis

The lungs are an important organ for us to allerge to air, and they also play a great role in our body's blood circulation, but the lungs are also more prone to some diseases, such as allergic mycoplasma pulmonary aspergillosis, which is very common, especially many elderly people are very prone to this disease, so what are the causes of such diseases? Let's take a quick look!

1. Non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis includes:

1. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABpA) is an allergic reaction, which is mainly an allergic reaction of the host to Aspergillus secretions.Damage to the airway mucosa and excessive mucus production lead to mucus impaction and central bronchiectasis. Asthma occurs in 2% to 3% of cases, and adrenocorticosteroid therapy responds.

2. Saprophyte aspergillosis (mycosphere) occurs in patients with cavities in the lungs, and Aspergillus parasitics inhabits the cavities, and the underlying diseases are mostly tuberculosis cavities, sarcoidosis alveoli, bronchiectasis, emphysema bullae, pulmonary fibrosis cavities, etc. Mold balls can grow, shrink, disappear, or become aggressive or semi-invasive, so appropriate treatment is also required.

2. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IpA) 1, chronic necrotizing aspergillosis (semi-invasive aspergillosis) can locally invade lung tissue, there can be cavities or aspergillosphere formation, the general course of the disease is more than 30 days, 2, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IpA) is also known as disseminated or systemic aspergillosis, once the bacterium is pathogenic, it develops rapidly, is very invasive to blood vessels, and is the most pathogenic type of aspergillus. The onset of this type is difficult to diagnose at the beginning, the case fatality rate is high, and the treatment after diagnosis is often lost.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurs in immunocompetent people, called primary invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, which is mostly due to long-term occupational exposure to a large number of Aspergillus spores (such as handling fur, drying grain, raising pigeons) Inhalation of excessive Aspergillus spores, which exceeds the body's defense capacity.

Secondary invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is mostly inhaled by respiratory tract and spreads to organs other than the chest in only 25% to 50% of cases. It usually occurs in patients with poor general condition and weakened immune function, and usually presents with chronic infection, fever, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and sometimes green or gray-green granules of sputum. There are two conditions of hemoptysis: pulmonary infiltrates with blood in the sputum, and mold attacks the walls of blood vessels to form aneurysms, which can cause fatal hemoptysis. In a few cases, a branch of communication with the intercostal blood vessels is formed, and special care must be taken when the lesion is surgically removed. Aspergillus pulmonary can also invade the pleura and pericardium, forming pleural and pericardial effusion, and can also spread to other organs through the blood, such as the gastrointestinal tract, brain, liver, thyroid, endocardium, etc., and can also have a hypercoagulable state, forming pulmonary embolism.

Risk factors:

(1) Blood leukocytes&0.5x109/L for more than 10 days;

(2) Immunosuppressant application for more than 30 days;

(3) continuous use of glucocorticoids for more than 3 weeks;

(4) the presence of other fungal infections;

(5) long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics;

(6) Chronic underlying diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COpD), immune diseases;

(7) Mechanical ventilation, indwelling catheter in the body;

(8) Organ transplant hosts.

Treatment: It is necessary to diagnose and treat early, and at the same time as treatment, correct the immunodeficiency, correct the granulocytopenia, and reduce the amount of adrenocorticosteroids. against Aspergillus

Effective drugs are divided into the following categories based on their mechanism of action and structure:

1. Polyenes: such as amphotericin, which is the first choice for the treatment of this disease.

2. Triazoles: including itraconazole and voriconazole. 3. Echinocandin: representative drug caspofungin.

Through the above introduction, I believe that friends should have a detailed understanding of lung diseases, patients must pay more attention to hygiene in daily life, do not go to too many places, especially sensitive patients need to pay more attention, but also to develop a good living habits, good living habits are very important!